/ Reportaj / Biserici rupestre din Basarabia
Ancheteonline va publica incepand de astazi o serie de articole dedicate comunitatilor romanesti din tarile vecine. Povestirile noastre vor fi reflectate in imagini ale culturii romanesti din Basarabia, Transnistria, Tinutul Herta sau Maramuresul istoric. Aceste materiale sunt rodul colaborarii cu Fundatia “Institutul Fratilor Golescu pentru relatii cu romanii din strainatate”, iar fotografia este asigurata de Dan Barcea.
Schitul lui Bosie
Biserica se afla chiar pe malul raului Raut, linga satul Butuceni, la 1,5 km de manastirea Butuceni, judetul Orhei, Republica Moldova.
Schitul este sapat in calcar la o inaltime de aproape 100 de metri. Este alcatuit din mai multe compartimente aflate pe trei niveluri. Partea veche este situata la nord si constituie 19 caverne, utilizate ca chilii, trapeza si biserica. Toate comunica intre ele prin intermediul unei potecute.
Singura informatie sigura despre infiintarea schitului rupestru este pisania datata 1675, aflata la intrarea in naos. Inscriptia, cioplita in piatra, mentioneaza: “Aceasta manastire a facut-o robul lui Dumnezeu Bosie, parcalabul de Orhei, cu sotia si copiii lor, in cinstea Domnului Dumnezeu intru iertarea pacatelor sale, anul 7183″ (1675).
Se crede ca biserica a existat dinainte si a fost doar reconstruita de parcalabul Orheiului Bosie.
Mai multe documente, datate 1602, 1603, 1612, amintesc de localitatea Pestera sau chiar de “parcalabul de Pestera”. Linga usa de intrare este sapat locul unei icoane de piatra, datind din 1772, concluzia fiind ca schitul functiona inca la o suta de ani dupa Bosie.
Inscriptii in stanca pomenesc de “ieromonahul Paisie” sau ” robii lui Dumnezeu Chiriac si sotia “, prezentind caracterul unor inscriptii funerare. O alta inscriptie spune : “Acest zapis l-a facut Vasile Adeescu si cu razesii Ratalean in zilele lui Constantin Voda Duca in Ivancea si au fost staret Hartman la Ucraina si noi am iernat aici, anul 7198 ( 1690 noembrie 20.”
Schitul a functionat pina in anul 1816 cind se presupune ca a fost inchis, fara sa existe documente in acest sens.
Manastirea rupestra Tapova
Sapata in stinca la peste 100 metri deasupra albiei Nistrului, manastirea rupestra Tapova se gaseste pe malul drept al fluviului, aproape de satul Tapova, la 40 km de Orhei.
Ansamblul monastic este alcatuit din 18 incaperi, sapate in roca la mare inaltime, unite intre ele cu scari, treceri interioare si balcoane, fiind un impresionant muzeu in aer liber.
Legendele locului amintesc ca aici si-ar fi intilnit moartea miticul poet grec Orfeu.
In apropierea manastirii, intre rapa Blanareitei si Valea Satului, mai sus de cascadele formate pe cursul rausorului Tapova, a fost localizata o asezare geto-dacica. Ziarul “Farul nistrean” din 9 iulie 1988 anunta descoperirea, in perimetrul sihastriei rupestre, a peste cinci sute de semne si inscriptii parietale apartinind perioadei pre-crestine.
“Cand si de cine a fost infiintat acest schit, nu se stie”, asa se pronunta in 1919 arhimandridul Visarion Puiu. Doua icoane vechi, adapostite in biserica rupestra cu hramul “Sfintul Nicolae” (in 1939 cele doua icoane se mai gaseau intr-un muzeu din Chisinau) ofera unele date despre inceputurile bisericii.
O alta legenda spune ca aici s-a cununat voievodul Stefan cel Mare cu sotia sa Vochita.
Inscriptia in slavona, pe spatele icoanei Sfintului Nicolae spune: “Aceasta sfinta icoana a lui Ierarh Nicolae este pusa in biserica lui de Domnul mirele Mariei, Kir Stefan, caruia este vroia a se insoti si cununa in noua biserica cu osardia lui facuta”. Mireasa cu care s-ar fi cununat voievodul la Tapova se presupune a fi fost preafrumoasa Maria Voichita.
Inscriptia pare a sustine si ipoteza ca biserica din stanca sa fie chiar o ctitorie a domnului Stefan cel Mare.
Cea de-a doua inscriptie, pe spatele unei icoane a Maicii Domnului il indica drept ctitor pe episcopul Damian: “Aceasta sfinta icoana s-a aratat in vazduh, deasupra stincii la anul 1666 dupa masterea lui Hristos, in zilele episcopului Damian care au si locuit in cetatea Basarabiei…Eu episcopul Damian am pus aceasta icoana in biserica ce o zidisem in Scala din jos de cetate…”. Niciuna din cele doua versiuni ale ctitoriei nu a putut fi confirmata in mod convingator.
Prima mentiune certa dateaza din anul 1756, cind logofatul Radu Racovita daruieste pamintul Tapovei manastirii Dobrovat din judetul Vaslui.
In 1813, boierul Ioan Sacherlas se judecata cu fratii pentru o parte din pamanturi.
In anul 1842, schitul este alipit manastirii Saharna, iar mosia este incredintata manstirii Capriana din Lapusna. Viata monahala a continuat in jurul bisericii de suprafata, lacas inceput in 1827 si finalizat abia dupa 1831. In 1898, manastirea avea o biblioteca bogata in carti romanesti, tiparite intre sec. XVII-XVIII, dupa cum mentioneaza Zamfir Arbore.
Dupa unirea Basarabiei cu Romania, in 1919, Tapova devine independenta de Saharna, functionand autonom sub indrumarea arhimandritului mitrofor Sofronie Neaga.
In anul 1938, Ministerul Domeniilor inzestreaza manastirea cu 50 de hectare din padurea statului, numita Scala Horodistea. Ocuparea de catre sovietici in 1940 a insemnat inchiderea sfantului lacas. Dupa eliberarea Basarabiei, in 1941, au revenit toti calugarii si fratii de ascultare. La scurt timp, in 1949 sovieticii despun preluarea sihastriei de catre colhozul “Zaveti Lenina” din comuna Lalova.
Manastirea este compusa din trei complexe rupestre. Primul cuprindea biserica “Sfintei Cruci” si citeva chilii. Desi doumentatia este in cel mai bun caz lacunara se crede ca a fost infiintata in sec. XI-XII. Al doilea complex, biserica “Sfintul Nicolae”, se presupune a fi fost sapata in stanca in veacurile XIV-XV.
Cel de-al treilea complex, realizat poate intre sec. XVII-XVIII, cuprindea 18 odai, unite prin coridoare sapate in stanca.
Biserica are o bolta semisferica care imita cupola. Tot in stinca era sapata si clopotnita care adapostea patru clopote mari.
In peretele dinspre Nistru se afla trei ferestre, doua in naos si una in altar. Scarile in spirala, care duc pina in varful stancii, scobite in roca, inlesneau deplasarea pe verticala intre chiliile dispuse pe cateva nivele.
Manastirea a fost redeschisa in 1994, desi in biserica de piatra nu se mai slujeste.
Posteaza acest articol pe:
22 Comentarii la articolul “Biserici rupestre din Basarabia”
-
This domain seems to get a large ammount of visitors. How do you promote it? It offers a nice individual twist on things. I guess having something real or substantial to post about is the most important factor.
-
loved what you are doing with the blog man if you are looking for ill clothes come check out Hm Clothing
-
There is perceptibly a bundle to realize about this. I suppose you made some nice points in features also.
-
Excellent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you’re just extremely magnificent. I really like what you have acquired here, certainly like what you’re saying and the way in which you say it. You make it enjoyable and you still care for to keep it sensible. I cant wait to read much more from you. This is really a wonderful web site.
-
Now there seem to be surely some sort of whole lot of info comparable to that will to be able to carry easily into thing to consider. Which in turn can be a amazing aim towards bring away. My spouse and i provide you with any thinkings greater than while popular encouragement still visibly at this time there are generally issues including all the a single you actually provide away where a nearly all vital idea might get earning a living inside honest excellent religion. I just use?to fully understand in cases where leading techniques include blossomed around points love in which, nevertheless My spouse and i here’s confident that may ones own activity is without a doubt naturally regarded when some rational match. Either guys also young ladies look the particular outcome connected with exactly some moment’s enjoyment, designed for this other parts most typically associated with your lives.
-
I like the helpful information you provide in your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here frequently. I am quite sure I’ll learn many new stuff right here! Best of luck for the next!
-
Hi, Neat post. There’s a problem along with your website in web explorer, could test this… IE nonetheless is the marketplace leader and a good component to folks will omit your great writing due to this problem.
-
Hello there, I discovered your web site via Google while looking for a similar matter, your website came up, it looks great. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
-
My neighbor and I were just debating this specific topic, he’s usually looking for to show me incorrect. Your view on that is great and precisely how I truly feel. I simply now mailed him this site to indicate him your own view. After trying over your web site I guide marked and will be coming again to learn your new posts!
-
Due to the growing demand and in order to cope with the changing trend of buying things, today they offer printable coupons that you can print and make use of to acquire art or crafting materials for your needs.
-
Helpful info. Fortunate me I discovered your web site accidentally, and I am shocked why this coincidence did not came about earlier! I bookmarked it.
-
Spot on with this write-up, I truly think this website needs much more consideration. I’ll probably be again to read much more, thanks for that info.
-
Prostate Cancer Insight is surely an online resource offering detailed info on Prostate Cancer Symptoms and every other aspect of prostate most cancers.
-
I’m speechless. It is a superb weblog and very attractive too. Great work! That’s now not in reality a lot coming from an beginner writer like me, however it’s all I may just say after diving into your posts. Nice grammar and vocabulary. No longer like other blogs. You in reality realize what you?re talking approximately too. Such a lot that you made me want to explore more. Your weblog has become a stepping stone for me, my friend.
-
My spouse and i still cannot quite feel that I could possibly be one of those reading through the important guidelines found on your web blog. My family and I are seriously thankful for your generosity and for offering me possibility pursue my personal chosen career path. Many thanks for the important information I managed to get from your blog.
-
Search engine marketing needs a superb search engine optimizer plan. Just one of these methods can make a giant distinction in your sites position and company your web site brings you.
-
Hello There. I discovered your weblog the usage of msn. This is an extremely smartly written article. I’ll make sure to bookmark it and return to learn more of your helpful info. Thank you for the post. I will certainly return.
Loading ...
What a lovely day for a 4157663! SCK was here